Abstract: The forging model for COLD ROLLING is one of the ROLLING models which is used in ROLLING calculations. In this model, the final ROLLING pressure is an average value and it is not as accurate for actual and industrial cases. Also, by using forging model, friction hill curves are plotted due to the central point of ROLLING bite length while frictional stresses intersect at the neutral point of ROLLING bite. In this study, a new model based on the forging model is presented to determine the ROLLING pressure during COLD ROLLING process for using in a reversing tandem mill, where this is called “Improved forging model”. In the proposed model, the intersection of the frictional forces is the neutral point. Finally, the computing results from this new model coincide well with the precedent investigations.

STRIP tearing during COLD ROLLING process has always been considered among the main concerns for steel companies, while several works have been done so far regarding the examination of this issue. In this paper, experimental data from COLD ROLLING tandem mill is used for detecting STRIP tearing. Sensors are placed across the COLD ROLLING tandem mill, to collect information on parameters (such as angular velocity of the rolls, voltage and the electrical current of electrical motors driving rolls, roll gap, and STRIP tension force between rolls) directly from the COLD ROLLING tandem mill. The information includes two modes: perfect ROLLING and ruptured ROLLING. A neural network is designed by means of MATLAB software and, then, trained using the information from the related data files. Finally, the neural network is examined by new data. It is concluded that the neural network has good accuracy in distinguishing between perfect and defected ROLLING.

Root perforation may occur at any stage of endodontic treatment and is mostly due to iatrogenic injury and may compromise the outcome of endodontic treatment. Repairing a perforation is difficult and the prognosis depends on various factors such as time, site and size of perforation, and the patient’, s overall health status. Hence, choosing the most appropriate material can be critical for the dentist. In this case report of a STRIP‑, perforation repair, an mineral trioxide aggregate‑, like material (COLD ceramic) that has been shown in previous studies to have favorable properties, was successfully used.

The objectives in the COLD ROLLING process include improved sheet surface quality and enhanced steel mechanical strength. Given the increasing demand for higher steel surface quality, more rapid production, and thinner steel plates, more attention has been directed toward the parameter of temperature in COLD ROLLING as a means of achieving the above objectives. Due to the friction between work rolls and steel sheet caused during the COLD ROLLING process and because of temperature changes of the work piece during plastic work, a non-uniform temperature distribution results along the work roll axial direction which ultimately leads to improper and undesirable expansion of the work roll along its axis. This, in turn, causes an uneven work roll slide on sheet surface; hence, the uneven and wavy steel surface. In this study, we used headers with a variety of nozzles for cooling the work rolls in order to achieve uniform temperature distribution and thermal expansion of the work roll. In this method, the cooling system is applied to the work roll in such a way that the work roll gains the desired efficiency in terms of both optimized energy consumption and work roll thermal expansion.

The final hot STRIP profile is a superposition of the roll initial crown, the roll bending and flattening crown, the roll wearing crown and the roll thermal crown. In this research, linear regression models are proposed to predict the roll force, the roll wearing crown and the roll thermal crown using experimental data provided by Mobarake Steel Complex (MSC). The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory based on elasticity approach is also used to predict the roll bending and flattening crown. Finally, the work roll initial crown in order to obtain desired STRIP profile in hot ROLLING is predicted utilizing a computer programming. The obtained initial crowns are then used for seven stands of an actual roll schedule for hot STRIP mill of MSC. The measured STRIP profile shows a good agreement with the desired one for the mentioned mill.